XLD agar is a selective and differential medium used for the isolation and differentiation of enteric pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Shigella species. XLD stands for xylose lysine deoxycholate agar.
The composition of XLD agar includes peptones, yeast extract, xylose, lactose, sucrose, sodium chloride, agar, phenol red, xylose, lysine, and sodium deoxycholate. The differential ingredients in the medium allow for the differentiation of colonies of different enteric bacteria based on their ability to ferment sugars, such as xylose and lactose.
On XLD agar, Salmonella species typically produce red colonies with a black center (due to the production of hydrogen sulfide), while Shigella species produce red colonies with no black center. Other enteric bacteria may also grow on XLD agar, but they will produce different colony morphologies that can be used for identification.
XLD agar is commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories for the isolation and identification of enteric pathogens from clinical samples, such as stool specimens. It is particularly useful for screening for Salmonella and Shigella species, which are important causes of foodborne illness and gastrointestinal infections.
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